Shobhit nirwan electricity notes class 10

Electricity is one of the most important chapter of physics. It is first chapter of Physics . Shobhit nirwan has provided the best quality notes of this chapter and these notes are being Topper Verified .

Pdf link : Electricity Verified.pdf - Google Drive

Current

• Current (I): The rate of flow of charge is called current.
Current = Charge/Time ⇒ I = Q/T

S. I. unit of current = Ampere (A)
⇒ 1 A = 1 Cs^-1
⇒ 1 mA = 10^-3 A
⇒ 1 µA = 10^-6 A

→ Current is measured by Ammeter. Its symbol is
→ Ammeter has low resistance and always connected in series.

→ Direction of current is taken opposite to flow of electrons as electrons were not known at the time when the phenomenon of electricity was discovered first and current was considered to be flow of positive charge.

Potential Difference

• Potential Difference (V): Work done to move a unit charge from one point to another.

V = W/Q

• 1 Volt: When 1 joule work is done in carrying one Coulomb charge then potential difference is called 1 volt.

→ S. I. unit of Potential difference = Volt (V)

1 V = 1 JC^-1

• 1 Volt: When 1 joule work is done in carrying one Coulomb charge then potential difference is called 1 volt.

V = W/Q

Ohm’s Law

Potential difference across the two points of a metallic conductor is directly proportional to current passing through the circuit provided that temperature remains constant.

Factors on which the Resistance of a Conductor depends

• Resistance of a uniform metallic conductor is:

(i) directly proportional to the length of conductor,

(ii) inversely proportional to the area of cross-section,

(iii) directly proportional to the temperature and

(iv) depend on nature of material.

• Resistivity (P): It is defined as the resistance offered by a cube of a material of side 1m when current flows perpendicular to its opposite faces.

• Its S.I. unit is ohm-metre (Ωm).

Joule’s Law of Heating Effect of Electric Current

→ It states that the heat produced in a resistor is (i) directly proportional to square of current, H ∝ I²

→ It is directly proportional to resistance for a given current, H ∝ R

→ It is directly proportional to time for which current flows through the conductor, H ∝ t.

So, H =  I²Rt

• Electric Power: The rate at which electric energy is consumed or dissipated in an electric circuit.

P = VI

⇒ P = I²R = V²/R

Shobhit Nirwan Notes | Shobhit nirwan electricity notes class 10 | Shobhit nirwan science notes